Research -6- ILIC 2022

 

البعد المائي وانعكاساته على العلاقات بين الدول (دول حوض نهر الميكونغ نموذجا)

Keywords: the water dimension in international relations, the Mekonk River Basin, international cooperation and the management of the Mekonk River, collective participation in the management of river basins, transboundary water management, cooperation in water policies.

Download the PDF document

Journal of college of law

For legal and political sciences

Volume (11) ISSN: 2226-4582 AIF: 08

Faculty of Law / Tishk International University

Date: 22-23, December 2022

Venue: Kurdistan Region- Erbil

 —————————————————————————————-

Dr. Ali Mohammed Idan

Assistant Director: General Directorate of Education in Kirkuk Governorate / Department of Preparation and Training

—————————————————————————————–

Abstract

The problem of water dominance on the part of the upstream countries is one of the most important problems that the downstream countries suffer from and may lead to great confusion and major problems in international relations. Therefore, the issue of water cooperation between countries has been of great importance in maintaining international peace, and the Mekong River Commission has been one of the most important successful experiences in managing international rivers and has become a role model in the field of international water relations, although there is an urgent need for its development and regulation. The increasing global demand for water, which was accompanied by the negative effects of climate fluctuations as a result of global warming and increased drought and desertification, led to an increase in competition for water resources, and this was reflected in the method of cooperation between countries that share a transboundary river, which required the adoption of certain water policies that lead to the reduction of water resources. of conflict patterns. And the trend towards cooperation relations in the management of water resources, so this study examines how water management affects the patterns of conflict and cooperation in the field of international relations, through the Mekong River Commission, which is the ideal model in this field.

 

قائمة الـمـراجـــع

1. عز الدين الورداني، الصين الجار المؤذى.. هضبة التبت وهيمنة الصين على مواردها المائية، مقال منشور على موقع مجلة تركستان تايمز الاخبارية الالكترونية ، متاح على الرابط:(تمت المشاهدة بتاريخ 11,04,2022) http://turkistantimes.com/ar/news-15389.html
2. تقرير منشور على موقع جريدة الرياض الالكترونية 02,01,2022 متاح على الرابط :

(تم المشاهدة بتاريخ 11,04,2022 (http://alriyadh.com/1927226

3. -نهر الميكونغ.. جبهة جديدة للصراع بين أمريكا والصين، جريدة الشروق الالكترو نية ،24.07.2020 متاح على الرابط : http://shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=24072020&id=c5e8
4. ((Viewed on : 11.04.2022جمال الشناوي، زعماء الصين وبلدان آسيوية يناقشون مشروعات السدود على نهر الميكونغ، صحيفة اخبار اليوم ،11,01,2018 متاح على الرابط: (Viewed

11.04.2022)http://m.akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/2602642/1/%D8%B2%D8%B9%D9D

 

1. Tanya Heikkila , Andrea K. Gerlak ,  Aaron Wolf ,A Study of Conflict and Cooperation in the Mekong River Basin: How Issues and Scale Matter ,  Paper presented for the FLACSO-ISA Global and Regional Powers in a Changing World conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 23-25, 2014. Available on the link:http://web.isanet.org/Web/Conferences/FLACSO-ISA%20BuenosAires%202014/Archive/e5bb2629-b8c0-4711-889c-b8825baaff77.pdf.
2. China and Asia Research Center: Available on-line at http://chinaasia-rc.org/index.php?%20d=47&id=1584 25/10/2015
3. Pokhrel, Y., Burbano, M., Roush, J., Kang, H., Sridhar, V., & Hyndman, D. W. (2018). A review of the integrated effects of changing climate, land use, and dams on Mekong river hydrology. Water, 10(3), 266.‏
4. Thien Do, Vietnamese Supernaturalism Views from the Southern Region, Taylor and Francis ,London, 1st Edition,2003, p.p 18-20.
5. report: unep.org , GIWA REGIONAL ASSESSMENT 55 MEKONG RIVER on the link: http://unep.org/dewa/giwa/areas/reports/r55/regional_definition_giwa_r55.pdf
6. CDRI (Cambodia’s Leading Independent Development Policy Research Institute). 2008. Framing research on water resources management and governance in Cambodia: a literature review. Working paper 37
7. DAVID ROBERTS, No More Dams on the Mekong, on September 4, 2014, in The International New York Times. Available on-line at http://nytimes.com/2014/09/04/opinion/no-more-dams-on-the-mekong.html.
8. Michael Richardson, “Dams in China Turn the Mekong Into a River of Discord: Rivers Know No Borders, But Dams Do,”The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 35-1-09, August 31, 2009.
9. PHNOM PENH, ASIA: Dams threaten “millions of Mekong livelihoods”humanitarian news and analysis22 July 2009 (IRIN) Available on-line at: http://irinnews.org/report/85381/asia-dams-threaten-millions-of-mekong-livelihoods
10. PRISCOLI, Jerome Delli; WOLF, Aaron T. Managing and transforming water conflicts. Cambridge University Press, 2009,p 10.
11. GLEICK, Peter H.; HEBERGER, Matthew. Water conflict chronology. In: The world’s water. Island Press, Washington, DC, 2014. p. 173-219.‏
12. GREG BROWDER & LEONARD ORTOLANO,The Evolution of an International Water Resources Management Regime in the Mekong River Basin, Article published the University of New Mexico School of Law, Summer 2000.p 522.
13. Kay Johnson, Panu Wongcha-um, Water wars: Mekong River another front in U.S.-China rivalry, Reuters, 24,07, 2020, Available at the link: http://reuters.com/article/us-mekong-river-diplomacy-insight-idINKCN24P0K7(11.04.2022.(
14. Alan Basist and Claude Williams , report , Vientiane: MRC Secretariat. Understanding the Mekong River’s hydrological conditions: A brief commentary note on the “Monitoring the Quantity of Water Flowing Through the Upper Mekong BasinUnder Natural (Unimpeded) (2020). http://mrcmekong.org/assets/Publications/Understanding-Mekong-River-hydrological-conditions_2020.pdf(Viewed on 11.04.2022.
15. Kay Johnson, Panu Wongcha-um, Water wars: Mekong River another front in U.S.-China rivalry, Reuters, 24,07, 2020, Available at the link: http://reuters.com/article/us-mekong-river-diplomacy-insight-idINKCN24P0K7(11.04.2022(.
16. Marko Kallio, Timo Räsänen, Link between Chinese dams & Mekong drought? ,WDRG and in GIS Research group, Aalto . University, 03.08.2020, http://wdrg.aalto.fi/link-between-chinese-dams-mekong-drought( Viewed on 11.04.2022(.
17. Tun Myint. Governing International Rivers: Polycentric Politics in the Mekong and the Rhine, Edward Elgar Publishing Inc. Cheltenham, First Edition. UK. 2012. .p 136.
18. -Michael R. van der Valk and Penelope Keenan،Climate change, water stress, conflict and migration،Papers presented at a conference in The Hague, the Netherlands،،held on 21  September 2011.37.p.
19. Tanya Heikkila, Andrea K. Gerlak, Aaron Wolf, A Study of Conflict and Cooperation in the Mekong River Basin: How Issues and Scale Matter,  Paper presented for the FLACSO-ISA Global and Regional Powers in a Changing World conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 23-25, 2014..7p
20. Stephen C. McCaffrey, CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE NON-NAVIGATIONAL USES OF INTERNATIONAL WATERCOURSES, United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Available on-line at http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/clnuiw/clnuiw_e.pdf.
21. Bourne, C. (1996) The International Law Association’s contribution to International Water Resources Law,Natural Resources Journal, 36, pp. 155–216.
22. SALMAN M. A. SALMAN, The Helsinki Rules, the UN Watercourses Convention and the Berlin Rules:Perspectives on International Water Law، The World Bank, Washington DC, USA، December 2007,626-627،pp.
23. See generally William L. Griffin, The Use of Waters of international Drainage Basins Under Customary International Law, 53 AM. J. INT’L L. 50, 70 (1959) (quoting Lauterpacht, Oppenhiem’s International Law: A Treatise (8th ed., 1955)).p251.